Rabu, 06 Januari 2010

MEMBUAT BATAKO DARI SERBUK GERGAJI



Dibawa ini adalah makalah pelajaran invention buatanku.
Makalah ini berisi penelitianku tentang serbuk gergaji, semoga makalah ini bisa bermanfaat bagi pembaca.

Producing Paving Block by Using Sawdust as the Main Materials
to Substitute Sand

Novian Mahardika Putra
SMA Sugar Group

ABSTRACT

To fulfill requirement of life which progressively increases, we need to conduct new invention which is more useful for life. Therefore “Make paving block with elementary materials from sawdust to substitute sand" was conducted to find the new thing which is useful for society, because this paving block is easy to be made. Also considering from the estimated cost paving block from sawdust is cheaper than paving block made of sand because the price of sawdust is cheaper. The changes of the main material caused the quantity of sand which is estimated will be decrease in certain range of time.
This research has been done in Housing 2 PT GPM on 24 until 30 March 2008.This research had 4 methods. The first method was to gather information about paving block. The second method was to collect all materials. The third method was to do the experiment, then calculation. The last method was to test the paving block made of sawdust. To testing the strength of paving block, 5 series of tests were conducted, namely; that were structure test, form test, fall test, scratch test and weight test.
The result of this research indicated that paving block made of sawdust had strength which was almost equal with the paving block made of sand. If the process of paving block making is precise, the strength of sawdust paving block will be equal with sand paving block.
Keyword: Paving Block, Sawdust, Sand Resource, Cement, Curing Process.



Introduction

We know that around us there are many kinds of waste materials as result of our daily activity. One of the waste materials is sawdust. Sawdust is tiny pieces of wood. In making furniture, it usually can we used as the materials. Any kinds of wood can be used to produce sawdust. If compacted, it will have a solid form that sustains heavier objects.
Sawdust can be told waste if produced continually without processing it can cause air pollution. The effect of it is a problem in respiratory system. In a fact sawdust could be exploited as media cultivation of mushroom and the material of furniture.
Background of this research is because the available of sawdust waste that need to be used with other way beside use it to make furniture or as media cultivation of mushroom. The aim of this research is to make economic paving block with good quality which is not use sand because sand estimated its amount will decrease in certain range of time and also to help building coolie with produce light paving block. Problem of the research was “was paving block from sawdust as strong as sand paving block?” the limitation of this research problem was to test the strength between sand paving block and sawdust paving block in GPM housing scale.






Review of Literature

This research was also supported by research that had been conducted by Dr.Ir.Bambang Subiyanto about sand resources that had been decrease. This is statement from Dr.Ir.Bambang Subiyanto.

 The available of sand surely will be decrease, then price of sand will be expensive and purchase power of society will be decrease. Also because some provinces in Indonesia have limited potential of sand, but have many potential of wood. For example is Kalimantan Island. (Dr.Ir. Bambang Subiyanto).

Materials and Methods:

            The materials and tools that was used in this research are 13, 5 kg of sawdust, 39 kg of cement, sufficiently water, 0.10 Liters used oil, medium size pail, paving block mould, Cement spoon.

Location and time:
The research was conducted in Housing 2 PT.GPM on 24 until 30 March 2008. This research had 3 steps they were: gathering and selection the materials, mixing all materials until they become paste, mould the paving block and do curing process / draining process by placing it without being exposed to the sunlight.

Procedure:
1.   Paving block mould was made with the size of: length; 23 cm, width; 11 cm, height: 6 cm. See picture 1.


Picture 1.  Mould of paving block

2.     The sawdust was prepared by cleaning it from foreign object within, if it is wet, it must dried first.
3.     Before the cement would be mixed with sawdust, make sure it can be used. If the cement was lump, it cannot be used.

4.     All materials were placed into the pail with comparison 1: 2, mixed and added water sufficiently. Kept stirring until it became a paste as shown on picture 2 and 3.






Picture 2. One cement spoon.








Picture 3. Paste.
5.     Before paste was put into the mould better to give the oil on its walls.
6.     The paste was put into mould. After 10 minutes then the mould was removed and let paving block was dried with process of curing. It took around 7 day. See picture 4.

Picture 4. Curing Process

Methodology:
This research used 4 methods to make paving block and to prove sawdust paving block was strong and could be used. The methods were:
1.     Finding information about paving block.
2.     Collecting the materials.
3.     Experimenting and calculating.
4.     Testing the paving block.

Kinds of Paving block tests:
1.     Structure test of Paving block
The good structure of paving block is without any hole, gap and crack.
2.      Form & size test
The good paving block has an even square.
3.     Fall test
Paving block with endurance will not be broken when dropped from 1 meter height. See Picture








                                                   Picture 6. Fall Test.

4.     Test scratch
The surface of good paving block will not be affected when one of its sides is scratched. It happens when the curing process is accurately done.
5.     Weight test
Light paving block would benefit in terms of road construction, if it would complete faster. This test was used to find out whether or not sawdust paving block was lighter or heavier than sand block paving.


Result and Discussion
Result:
Table 1. Tests Result.
Name of testes
Condition of paving block
Note
Structure
Sufficient
The process off mould was not accurate
Form
Good
-
Fall
Good
-
Scratch
Sufficient
Curing process
Not good
Weight
Paving Block from Sawdust
Paving Block from sand
In (Kg)
1,542 kg
3,007 kg
Calculation result:
To Produces 46 paving with size 23 x 11 x 6 need cost:
a)  Cement 40 kg                          Rp. 44.000,-
b)  0, 25 m³ of sand                       Rp. 18.750,-
c)  0.10 liter of oil                          Rp. 2300,-
Total                                            Rp.65.050,-  

Cost for 1 Paving block                      Rp. 1.414,-
Cost for 1 m3 paving block (25)           Rp. 35.353,-

To produces 46 paving block from sawdust with size 23 x 11 x 6 need cost:
a)  Cement 39 kg                          Rp. 42.900,-
b)  13.5 kg of sawdust                   Rp. 13.500,-
c)  0.10 liter of oil                          Rp. 2300,-
Total                                            Rp.46.300,-  

Cost for 1 paving block                Rp.   1.276,-
Cost for 1 m3 paving block (25)    Rp. 31.902,-

Discussion:
·         The price of cement, oil, water and sand in every area were different. But the price that was used referring the price in PT GPM.
·         Water did not have price because that was PT GPM scale and in GPM water was free.
·         The result in scratch test was sufficient because process of curing need more time.
·         The result in structure test was sufficient because the process off mould was not accurate.
·         The result from weight test is the sawdust paving block is lighter than sand paving block and that will be give big advantage if produce in big amount.

Conclusion and Suggestion

Conclusion:
Sawdust could be used as the main material of paving block substituting sand, based on tests, it could be concluded that the strength of sawdust paving block is equal to sand paving block. Providing the process of mould the paving block was accurate.

Suggestion:
Any parties that want to continue this research are expected to be more careful in mould and measuring processes. It is better to use good mould and use time effectively.

Acknowledgement

Thanks to Mr. Joko as supervisor and Mr. Bagio as examiner who has given support and has helped to finish this research.

References

Muller Claudia, et. al. .2006. Modul pelatihan pembuatan ubin atau paving blok dan batako. http://www.ilo.org/public/indonesia/region/asro/jakarta/download/manualblok.pdf. Access on 4th March 2008.

Subiyanto Bambang, http://www.inovasi.lipi.go.id. Access on 4th March 2008.

 





WEB 2009

WEB 2009 UII, apa itu ya?

          Mungkin sebagian besar siswa SMA yang baru lulus tidak tahu apa artinyaWEB 2009 itu. Tetapi bagi siswa baru yang akan jadi calon mahasiswa UII bersiap-siaplah untuk merasakan kedasyatannya. Dari acara WEB tersebut mahasiswa bisa mendapatkan ilmu-ilmu yang lebih luas dari pada yang diajarkan dikelas. Dari situ juga mahasiswa bisa saling mengenal antara mahasiswa lainnya dan mahasiswa senior. Dari pengalaman acara WEB 2009 yang lalu, kami mahasiswa UII angkatan 2009 sangat merasakan manfaatnya karena dari acara - acara yang diselenggarakan kami mendapatkan banyak sekali pengetahuan dan kemampuan lainnya yang tidak ada dalam kelas.
         Contohnya saja pada acara "welcome to informatics", dalam acara tersebut kami para mahasiswa mendapat pengarahan dan mendapatkan ceramah dari dosen dan staff yang mengurusi bidang informatika. Jadi dengan pengarahan tersebut wawasan kami lebih luas.
Dalam acara kunjungan BSI Lab pun begitu, kami diajak berkeliling untuk mengunjungi Lab BSI UII. Didalam LAb tersebut terdapat banyak staff handal yang menghandel masalah akses internet di UII dan juga yang mengatur  situs -situs UII seperti www.uii.ac.idklasiber.uii.ac.id dan yang lain.
        Lalu pada acara perakitan PC, dalam acara ini kami diajarkan cara merakit PC dan dikenalkan dengan komponen - komponennya. Disitu juga kami diajarkan cara menginstal beberapa OS seperti linux dan windows 7, walaupun sebenarnya kami semua sudah tahu caranya. Tapi lumayanlah untuk mereview ulang dan yang paling penting adalah doorprizenya. Pihak panitia sudah menyiapkan hadiah yang mantap jika kita bisa menjawab pertanyaan dari presenter. Hadiahnya juga tidak main-main, saya saja dapat voucher 400 ribu untuk kursus komputer di Bugs Training Center.
       Lalu yang paling seru adala acara outdoornya yaitu camping di hutan kaliurang bersama senior- senior dari angkatan 2008 sampai yang paling tua. Disana kita bisa bermain sepuasnya dan saling mengenal satu sama lain.

Selasa, 05 Januari 2010

MELINDUNGI KOMPUTER TANPA ANTIVIRUS

Virus....Siapa Takut...
Sepertinya bagi para pemula dalam bidang komputer hal tersebut sudah bisa diucapkan karena saya mempunyai cara mutakhir untuk berantas virus tanpa antivirus.Berikut adalah caranya.
          Pertama, sebaiknya user menonaktifkan pengaturan hidden pada folder sehingga fili-file yang tersembunyi bisa kelihatan semua. Bagi yang tidak tahu caranya silahkan pilih tab tools - folder option - view - hidden files and folders, lalu tinggal dipilih yang show hidden files and folders. Dari situ kita bisa melihat manakah file- file yang mencurigakan yang tersembunyi dalam hardisk kita atau tidak.
          Kedua, munculkan file extensinya. Cara setting file extensinya yaitu silahkan pilih tab tools - folder option - view - hidden files and folders, lalu tinggal dipilih yang show files extention. Dari situ kita bisa mengecek apakah exstensi dari file tersebut sesuai dengan extensi yang sebenarnya atau hanya rekaan. Contoh file yang rekaan atau gadungan yaitu misalkan di folder musik kita ditemukan file yang ikonnya microsoft word tapi ekstensinya scr,exe, dll. Kemungkinan besar file itu adalah virus yang menyamar dan untuk keamanan langsung saja hapus file tersebut dan jangan dibuka.
           Ketiga, jangan lupa untuk back-up rutin harddisk anda, sehingga jika salah menghapus file yang dikira virus maka bisa langsung dikembalikan.
           Keempat, nonaktifkan fungsi autorun yang ada di flasdisk supaya tidak digunakan oleh virus untuk mengkopi dirinya keharddisk.
           Tetapi semua itu juga tergantung kepada diri masing - masing, karena kebanyakan orang ada yang ceroboh dan langsung membuka file yang tidak diketahui secara pasti file apa itu.Padahal file tersebut bisa saja virus yang menyamar dan bisa merusak komputer anda. Berikut adalah cara melindungi komputer tanpa antivirus, mudah - mudahan bisa membantu para korban - korban virus.